Open System Integration Complete Term - Refers to the comprehensive model that outlines seven layers of communication between different network devices for seamless data transfer.

Open System Integration Complete Term - Refers to the comprehensive model that outlines seven layers of communication between different network devices for seamless data transfer.

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The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984, is a conceptual framework designed to standardize the way data is transmitted between devices in a network. This model, consisting of seven layers, each with specific functions and associated protocols, acts as a blueprint for understanding and managing complex computer networking.

The OSI model is a layered model that acts as an architecture for inter-computer communications, divided into seven layers:

1. Physical Layer (Layer 1): Responsible for transmitting unstructured raw bits over a physical medium and defining the electrical and mechanical details of the interface. Examples include cables and signaling standards.
2. Data Link Layer (Layer 2): Frames raw bits into data frames and handles error detection and correction for nodes physically connected on the same network segment. MAC addressing is used here.
3. Network Layer (Layer 3): Focused on logical addressing and routing to move packets from source to destination across multiple networks. It selects the best route for data packets. Internet Protocol (IP) is the main example protocol.
4. Transport Layer (Layer 4): Guarantees transfer reliability and data integrity by managing packet sequencing, error checking, flow control, and retransmission. TCP is used for reliable, connection-oriented transmission; UDP is used for faster, connectionless transmission.
5. Session Layer (Layer 5): Controls dialogues (sessions) between applications, including connection setup, management, and termination. It also handles session restoration after interruptions.
6. Presentation Layer (Layer 6): Converts data between application formats and network formats. Responsibilities include syntax translation, compression, and encryption to ensure data sent by the application layer of one system is readable by the application layer of another.
7. Application Layer (Layer 7): Closest to the end-user; it provides network services to applications (like web browsers or email clients). Protocols included provide functions such as file transfer, email exchange, and directory services.

This layered architecture helps standardize network communication and troubleshoot network problems by isolating issues to a specific layer with its associated protocols and functions. The OSI model supports both connection-oriented and connectionless services, and the data link layer is responsible for establishing and maintaining communication between two devices on the same network. The session layer establishes and manages sessions between applications, while the application layer provides services to applications for network communication.

The OSI model helps network designers and administrators understand how different protocols and technologies work together to provide network communication, facilitates communication between different devices on a network, helps in network design, simplifies troubleshooting, encourages interoperability, and provides a common language for network communication.

However, it's important to note that the OSI model, despite being a theoretical framework, is not always practical in real-world network communication. The TCP/IP model, with its four layers, is a more practical model used on the internet. Despite these differences, the OSI model remains an essential tool for understanding the complex world of computer networking.

[1] https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3126/osi-model [2] https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/OSI-model [3] https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/osi-model/ [4] https://www.tutorialspoint.com/osi_model.htm [5] https://www.educba.com/osi-model-in-computer-networking/

1. In the realm of data-and-cloud-computing, the OSI model's layer 6, the Presentation Layer, employs a 'divide and conquer' approach by converting data between various application formats and network formats, using technology such as encryption, thereby ensuring data sent by one application is accessible to another.
2. Network administrators leverage the 'stack' metaphor when contemplating the OSI model, as each layer represents a distinct discipline in networking, from the physical medium to network services offered at the Application Layer, thus aiding in the management and troubleshooting of computer networking issues.
3. To enhance networking events and facilitate knowledge exchange, industry professionals might think of creating a 'trie' data structure, where each node represents a unique network expert, and paths denote their areas of specialization (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application), fostering more advanced and targeted discussions in the realm of technology.

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